Andrew is a freelance marine biologist in North Carolina focused on population and conservation genetics in hydrothermal vent communities.
Chapter 32 of Herman Melville’s classic – Moby Dick. Read along with us and discuss this chapter or the book as a whole in the comments. Visit this page for the complete collection to date: Finding Melville’s Whale.
Cetology
Let this be the book of the whale,
chronicle of tortured naturalists.
For who could fathom those great depths
and plum the drum of waves on hull
without a loyal oath, Leviathan!
Lord tyrant of the sea, Sperm Whale!
and this is his kingdom, his loyal court.Let it first be said, before numbering
the pages of his family
that as certain as they swim in the sea,
the whale is no more than a fish.
A fish remarkable in its warm blood
and lungs, that drive it to the surface,
but, Linnaeus be damned, it is a fish!These are the three books of the whales’ novel.
Each divided again into
a bookbinder’s twisted taxonomy.
The largest of all, Folios,
those of middling magnitude, Octavoes,
the smallest, duodecimo.
Beyond them, the whales of myth and fable.FOLIO, Chapter 1, Sperm Whale
Most formidable of all whales
and most valuable.
Within his head, spermaceti,
the richest oil.FOLIO, Chapter 2, Right Whale
The bearer of whalebone, baleen.
First to be hunted.
Its tortured taxonomy lies
entangled with doubt.FOLIO, Chapter 3, Fin Back
This solitary, curse-ed Cain,
swims always alone.
The whales, in all their forms, deny
classification.FOLIO, Chapter 4, Hump Back
Joyful, but worthless.FOLIO, Chapter 5, Razor Back
Unknown to Melville
and an enigma to modern
cetologists, none
have seen anything but his back.FOLIO, Chapter 6, Sulfur Bottom
The Blue Whale, never
chased by whale men of Nantucket.OCTAVO, Chapter 1, Grampus
Small in stature, rich in oil.
His arrival heralds the sperm,
His larger twin.OCTAVO, Chapter 2, Black Fish
Fine oil for a smaller whale.
He approaches as a pilot
over the shoals.OCTAVO, Chapter 3, Narwhal
The polar beast bears a lone horn
to split the icy northern sea.
Curious beast.OCTAVO, Chapter 4, Killer
“The killer is never hunted.”
It is a poor choice for a name,
for at sea, we are all killers.OCTAVO, Chapter 5, Thresher
A flogger of beasts,
the leviathans’ task-master.DOUDECIMOES – Porpoises
The great whale in miniature.
Some come rich in oil and meat,
but of their families, nothing
is certain.This is but a poor system for naming
and many whales are yet to be counted,
nor will they ever be.We shall number them as we boil them
and know them only by lamplight
and the stains left in our try-pots.
The following is my attempt to figure out which whales Melville is describing:
Sperm Whale – sperm whale
Right Whale – Right Whale, but probably also many other species such as the grey whale
Fin Back – Fin Whale, but probably also other large baleen whales like the Sei Whale
Hump Back – Humpback Whale
Razor Back – probably also the Fin Whale
Sulfur Bottom – Blue Whale
Grampus – this one is weird, Killer whales were commonly called Grampus, but Killer is also on the list, from the description of the oil and the comparisons to the sperm whale, I guess that Melville is talking about Pygmy Sperm Whales
Black Fish – Pilot Whale
Narwhal – Narwhal
Killer – Orca
Thresher – Probably also an Orca
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Were pygmy sperm whales hunted? I thought they were too small to be worth the effort.
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I don’t think they were hunted much, but keep in mind this is a list of all the whales known to Melville, not just those hunted.
I was surprised to see Humpbacks listed as worthless. It really creates a contrast between the era of whaling for oil and the era of whaling for meat.
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Thresher was a new one for me too. I can’t think of anything other than an orca that would be referring to. Unless thresher sharks got much larger in Melville’s day.
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It’s possible that one of the ‘killer whales’ could have been the False Killer Whale.
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Grampus is also the genus name of Risso’s dolphin, although they’re much too small to be Octavo
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What about Beluga whales? Or did whalers not go so far north?
Or were they too small to bother with?
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Melville made no mention of the Beluga. They may have been hunted at the time, but not by Nantucket whalers.
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Have you been to New Bedford? There’s a pretty cool whaling museum, and the whole waterfront is designated a historic site. Since it’s nearby we went recently after having re-read Moby Dick.
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I haven’t had a chance yet, but their Whaling Museum is legendary. Did you get a chance to see the Seaman’s Bethel?
Or colleague Peter Mello at http://sea-fever.org works with them.
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