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Category: Science

America’s lust for gigantic breasts leads to impotence: the population genetics of captive-reared turkeys

Posted on November 23, 2011November 27, 2013 By Andrew Thaler 2 Comments on America’s lust for gigantic breasts leads to impotence: the population genetics of captive-reared turkeys
Conservation, Science
Gobble? image from http://www.public-domain-image.com
Gobble? image from http://www.public-domain-image.com

The noble turkey, a centerpiece of the American Thanksgiving supper. It looms large from its prominent position on the dining room table. The master of ceremonies – or, in my case, the guy who keeps slicing himself open with various sharp objects yet is inexplicably the one people call on when there’s knife-work needs doing – draws a set of fine, honed knives, set aside for this particular task, and carves, delicately yet firmly, into the hefty white meat of the turkey’s breast. Sure, some favor the dark, rich meat around the legs, but this white meat, soaked in gravy and topped with cranberry sauce or stuffing, that is what we crave.

“We give thanks,” the benediction may begin, “to Charles Darwin, for determining the underlying mechanism by which a theropod may, over the course of 65 million years, through a process of gradual change by means of the retention of beneficial traits through successive generations, evolve into this delicious, delicious bird.” And then, perhaps, that surly teenager, the one determined to point out the social inequalities inherent in the holiday and the colonialist attitudes which led to the wholesale extermination of America’s native peoples – every family has at least one – will chime in to quip “you know, evolution didn’t shape the turkey. The modern Thanksgiving turkey is the product of an extensive selective breeding program that began in the 1940’s. Commercial turkeys can’t even reproduce naturally, they have to be artificially inseminated.” At which point the older members of your family may blush and/or faint at such an unseemly turn of phrase.

Read More “America’s lust for gigantic breasts leads to impotence: the population genetics of captive-reared turkeys” »

European Union officials propose stronger finning ban, sign UN migratory shark initiative

Posted on November 22, 2011December 9, 2011 By David Shiffman
Science

Two pieces of good news for European sharks were announced yesterday.  The European Union signed the UN Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) Memorandum of Understanding for sharks. This MOU was established last year to support the conservation of seven shark species which regularly migrate between national boundaries, a list which includes great whites and whale sharks. … Read More “European Union officials propose stronger finning ban, sign UN migratory shark initiative” »

Guest Post: A review of the Field Guide for Sharks of the Genus Carcharhinus

Posted on November 21, 2011December 9, 2011 By Guest Writer
Science

Dr. David Ebert is the Director of the Pacific Shark Research Center at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. He is one of the world’s leading experts on shark taxonomy, and has described new species of sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras. Dr. Ebert has written over 100 publications, five books, and dozens of IUCN Red List assessments. He generously agreed to review a new taxonomy guide, Field Guide for Sharks of the Genus Carcharhinus, for Southern Fried Science. He has provided a thorough list of citations backing up his points, but all opinions are his own. 

The shark genus Carcharhinus is one of the largest and perhaps most important genera of sharks, with many common and wide-ranging species. These sharks are mostly marine occurring from close inshore to the outer continental shelf and upper slope, but a few species inhabit estuaries and freshwater rivers and lakes. This group is by far one of the most important shark genera for fisheries globally, with various species being taken in commercial and sport fisheries, and in artisanal fisheries. Given the high profile and importance of this genus and the associated problems in identifying them to individual species in the field, an identification guide to the group would be most welcomed.

The book, “Field Guide for Sharks of the Genus Carcharhinus” by Matthias Voigt and Dietmar Weber, could have been that guide, with an exceptionally nice layout, beautiful illustrations, and tooth plates, but unfortunately the text does not stand up to the same high quality of the illustrations. The book cover is quite attractive and eye-catching, and upon initially thumbing through the illustrations and layout of the individual species accounts, I thought wow this looks to be an interesting and possibly useful guide to this shark group, even though I was unfamiliar with the authors, whom to be candid I had never heard of before.

Read More “Guest Post: A review of the Field Guide for Sharks of the Genus Carcharhinus” »

Cull canceled: victory for the sharks of Western Australia!

Posted on November 15, 2011December 9, 2011 By David Shiffman 1 Comment on Cull canceled: victory for the sharks of Western Australia!
Conservation, Science

A few weeks ago, I wrote about a proposed shark cull in Western Australia and asked for your help to oppose it. By the end of the Support Our Sharks anti-cull campaign, the petition had almost 19,000 signatures from dedicated shark conservationists from around the world, including many of our readers. After some initial anti-shark … Read More “Cull canceled: victory for the sharks of Western Australia!” »

Threatened gentle giants: both species of manta ray added to the IUCN Red List

Posted on November 14, 2011December 9, 2011 By David Shiffman 14 Comments on Threatened gentle giants: both species of manta ray added to the IUCN Red List
Conservation, Science

Manta rays are true gentle giants; though they can grow more than 20 feet wide from wingtip to wingtip, they eat only plankton. Swimming with these animals is a rare thrill for SCUBA divers, and manta-viewing ecotourism is worth over $100 million each year. Like many species of sharks, manta rays grow slowly and reproduce … Read More “Threatened gentle giants: both species of manta ray added to the IUCN Red List” »

#SciFund Challenge: Hey! Did you miss that fish?

Posted on November 11, 2011December 9, 2011 By Andrew Thaler
Science

#SciFund is a month-and-a-half long initiative to raise funds for a variety of scientific research projects. Project leaders post a project description and an appeal for funds, and members of the public are invited to make small donations to projects that they deem worthy. Donations come with rewards such as access to project logs, images from … Read More “#SciFund Challenge: Hey! Did you miss that fish?” »

#SciFund Challenge: Saving Hawaii’s Coral Reefs

Posted on November 10, 2011December 9, 2011 By Andrew Thaler
Conservation, Science

#SciFund is a month-and-a-half long initiative to raise funds for a variety of scientific research projects. Project leaders post a project description and an appeal for funds, and members of the public are invited to make small donations to projects that they deem worthy. Donations come with rewards such as access to project logs, images from … Read More “#SciFund Challenge: Saving Hawaii’s Coral Reefs” »

Managing the Menhaden of History

Posted on November 10, 2011December 9, 2011 By Andrew Thaler
Conservation, Science

Yesterday, the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Council voted to reduce the catch of Menhaden by as much as 37%. Menhaden, often referred to as the “most important fish in the sea” have been declining precipitously over the last several decades, due largely to the Menhaden reduction industry, which is now supported by a single company. Several graphs have been produced recently to illustrate this decline, including this incredibly informative illustration. Despite this attention, most of these reports have missed the big picture. Amy and myself have been thinking quite a bit about shifting baselines recently, and Menhaden represent what may be the most extreme example of this phenomenon.

The population of Menhaden along the eastern seaboard crashed in 1879 a full century earlier than the decline documented here. In it’s heyday, the menhaden industry was catching seven hundred million fish annually. Last years harvest was barely 450 million. These numbers belie a massive ecologic change. While the historic menhaden industry was based north of Cape Cod, our current menhaden production focusses on the mid-Atlantic seaboard and is slowly moving south, chasing the remaining fish. The population that today has finally received protection is a remnant of the once massive foundation of the pelagic ecosystem.

Reprinted below is our original article, the Menhaden of History.


Read More “Managing the Menhaden of History” »

#SciFund Challenge: Behold, the Power of Seagrass!

Posted on November 10, 2011December 9, 2011 By Andrew Thaler
Science

#SciFund is a month-and-a-half long initiative to raise funds for a variety of scientific research projects. Project leaders post a project description and an appeal for funds, and members of the public are invited to make small donations to projects that they deem worthy. Donations come with rewards such as access to project logs, images from … Read More “#SciFund Challenge: Behold, the Power of Seagrass!” »

#SciFund Challenge: Turtles in the Deep

Posted on November 9, 2011December 9, 2011 By Andrew Thaler 1 Comment on #SciFund Challenge: Turtles in the Deep
Science

#SciFund is a month-and-a-half long initiative to raise funds for a variety of scientific research projects. Project leaders post a project description and an appeal for funds, and members of the public are invited to make small donations to projects that they deem worthy. Donations come with rewards such as access to project logs, images from … Read More “#SciFund Challenge: Turtles in the Deep” »

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